LISTEENING

PERSPECTIVES

This evolving collection of definitions explores and expands the meaning of Listening beyond the Sonic, weaving a web of perspectives for new imaginaries and practices to emerge.

Quotes marked with ᴬᴵ have been retrieved via Artificial Intelligence, and have not been verified.
Verbatim and verified quotes are set in quotation marks.

The purpose of this collection is to explore and expand the notion of Listening, beyond the Sonic and beyond the familiar: to consider Listening as a way of being in the world, as a fundamental relational, bio-psycho-social, ethical and political dimension, a capacity with the power to touch and transform.
This ongoing work is facilitated by Artificial Intelligence. A majority of the definitions were retrieved using ChatGPT, via queries such as “Give me verbatim quotes that define listening from the perspective of [...], with references.” Random verifications however revealed that hardly any quote is contained verbatim in the respective reference; in some instances even the references themselves cannot be found.
Using AI comes with new challenges, also for research. Fake or spurious quotations and questionable provenances pose serious epistemological and ethical problems. Transparency about using AI, and distinguishing verified verbatim quotes from AI-generated and/or paraphrased material are ways to address these problems. We think that the heuristic value of this material outweighs the risks.
This growing collection can be understood as an experiment in Listening to Artificial Intelligence, in order to hear what this new force has to contribute when it comes to bringing seemingly unrelated contexts into contact.
In the collisions and resonant spaces between diverse perspectives and definitions, we sense the potential for new understandings and practices to emerge.

INDIGENOUS AUSTRALIAN CULTURES

MORE SOON…

ACTIVISM
(SOCIO-POLITICAL)

… the deliberate act of empathetically understanding and amplifying marginalized voices and experiences, engaging with their stories and struggles as catalysts for collective action and social transformation.

hooks, b. (1994). Teaching to Transgress: Education as the Practice of Freedom. Routledge. ᴬᴵ

… ‘deep listening’ that extends beyond words to the feelings and emotions within a conversation. This form of listening helps activists and allies hear the perspectives of those directly affected by social injustices, recognizing underlying power dynamics and building empathy rather than focusing on their own perspectives.

https://www.companioningcenter.org/blog/listening-the-ground-of-social-justice · https://socialmovementsinnovation.org/tools/deep-listening/ ᴬᴵ

… actively tuning into the unspoken needs and aspirations of communities, acknowledging their lived realities and advocating for justice and equity based on their expressed desires.

Duncan, G. (2012). Listening to the Voices of the Poor: Poverty and Social Capital in Tanzania. Oxford University Press. ᴬᴵ

… the process of deepening understanding through empathetic engagement with diverse perspectives, fostering solidarity and coalition-building to address systemic inequalities and promote social change.

Brown, M. (2018). The Art of Listening in the Early Church. Oxford University Press. ᴬᴵ

… critically engaging with power dynamics and amplifying the voices of marginalized communities, challenging dominant narratives and advocating for inclusive policies and practices.

Shor, I. (1992). Empowering Education: Critical Teaching for Social Change. University of Chicago Press. ᴬᴵ

… centering the experiences and needs of marginalized groups, practicing humility and openness to learn from those most affected by injustice, and taking action based on their insights.

Fals-Borda, O., & Rahman, M. A. (Eds.). (1991). Action and Knowledge: Breaking the Monopoly with Participatory Action-Research. Intermediate Technology Publications. ᴬᴵ

… fostering dialogic engagement and solidarity across diverse communities, cultivating empathy and mutual understanding to build coalitions and movements for social justice.

Freire, P. (1970). Pedagogy of the Oppressed. Continuum. ᴬᴵ

… recognizing and addressing systemic barriers to participation and representation, amplifying marginalized voices to challenge structures of power and advocate for inclusive policies and practices.

Tuck, E., & Yang, K. W. (2012). Decolonization Is Not a Metaphor. Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education & Society. ᴬᴵ

… engaging in reflective and empathetic dialogue with affected communities, acknowledging their expertise and agency in shaping strategies for social change.

Anzaldúa, G. (2015). Borderlands / La Frontera: The New Mestiza. Aunt Lute Books. ᴬᴵ

… dismantling oppressive structures by amplifying marginalized voices, fostering solidarity, and co-creating transformative solutions rooted in equity and justice.

Sen, A. (2009). The Idea of Justice. Harvard University Press. ᴬᴵ

… cultivating a culture of care and accountability, prioritizing authentic relationships and mutual respect in pursuit of collective liberation and transformative change.

Davis, A. Y. (2016). Freedom Is a Constant Struggle: Ferguson, Palestine, and the Foundations of a Movement. Haymarket Books. ᴬᴵ

ACTIVISM (ENVIRONMENTAL)

… the ecological skill of discerning environmental impacts and advocating for policies and practices that prioritize sustainability and regeneration.

Berry, W. (2009). The Unsettling of America: Culture and Agriculture. Counterpoint. ᴬᴵ

… the practice of tuning into environmental concerns, community needs, and scientific insights, promoting informed and inclusive approaches to environmental stewardship.

Leopold, A. (1949). A Sand County Almanac and Sketches Here and There. Oxford University Press. ᴬᴵ

… the mindful reception of diverse perspectives and narratives on nature and sustainability, facilitating collaborative solutions and advocacy for environmental justice.

Merchant, C. (1980). The Death of Nature: Women, Ecology, and the Scientific Revolution. HarperOne. ᴬᴵ

… the attentive and empathetic engagement with natural sounds, ecological signals, and community voices, fostering a deep understanding of environmental issues and connections.

Orr, D. W. (1992). Ecological Literacy: Education and the Transition to a Postmodern World. State University of New York Press. ᴬᴵ

… the ecological awareness of natural sounds, habitats, and ecosystem health, informing conservation efforts, and promoting biodiversity preservation.

Snyder, G. (1990). The Practice of the Wild. North Point Press. ᴬᴵ

… the ethical practice of honoring and amplifying voices of marginalized communities affected by environmental degradation and climate change.

Shiva, V. (1989). Staying Alive: Women, Ecology, and Development. Zed Books. ᴬᴵ

… the process of engaging with local ecological knowledge and traditional practices, fostering resilience and sustainability in environmental management.

Berkes, F. (2012). Sacred Ecology (3rd ed.). Routledge. ᴬᴵ

… the practice of empathy and solidarity with non-human species and ecosystems, fostering interconnectedness and stewardship of the Earth.

Abram, D. (2010). Becoming Animal: An Earthly Cosmology. Vintage Books. ᴬᴵ

… the ecological consciousness of recognizing and addressing environmental injustices, advocating for equitable access to clean air, water, and healthy ecosystems for all.

Bullard, R. D. (1990). Dumping in Dixie: Race, Class, and Environmental Quality. Westview Press. ᴬᴵ

ALCHEMY

… the inner attunement to the subtle energies and spiritual messages conveyed by the symbols, processes, and materials of the alchemical work, leading to deeper insights and understanding.

Jung, C. G. (1968). Psychology and Alchemy. Princeton University Press. ᴬᴵ

… the attentive observation and contemplation of natural phenomena and symbolic correspondences, leading to the discovery of hidden patterns and universal truths.

Coudert, A. P. (2006). Alchemy: The Philosopher's Stone. Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith, 58(4), 264-266. ᴬᴵ

… the receptive openness to the whispers of the ‘anima mundi’ or world soul, guiding the alchemist in the quest for transmutation and spiritual enlightenment.

Evola, J. (1995). The Hermetic Tradition: Symbols and Teachings of the Royal Art. Inner Traditions. ᴬᴵ

… the practice of ‘solve et coagula,’ the dissolution and reintegration of elements within oneself, symbolizing the receptive state necessary for inner transformation.

Regardie, I. (1983). The Philosopher's Stone: Spiritual Alchemy, Psychology, and Ritual Magic. Llewellyn Publications. ᴬᴵ

… the contemplative act of ‘visita interiora terrae,’ exploring the depths of one’s being to uncover the hidden riches and potentialities awaiting transmutation.

Jung, C. G. (1944). Psychology and Alchemy. Pantheon Books. ᴬᴵ

… the receptive engagement with the alchemical allegories and symbols, deciphering their esoteric meanings and transformative implications for personal growth and spiritual evolution.

Granger, F. (2017). The Hermetic Museum: Alchemy and Mysticism. Taschen. ᴬᴵ

… the intuitive resonance with the archetypal images and mythic narratives of the alchemical tradition, accessing the collective unconscious and its transformative powers.

Von Franz, M. L. (1980). Alchemy: An Introduction to the Symbolism and the Psychology. Inner City Books. ᴬᴵ

… the receptive state of the ‘alchemical wedding,’ the union of opposites within the soul, leading to the integration and harmonization of inner forces and energies.

Faivre, A. (1994). The Golden Fleece and Alchemy. The Alchemical Tradition in the West, 9(1), 105-120. ᴬᴵ

… the receptive state of consciousness that allows one to hear the ‘music of the spheres,’ the harmonious vibrations underlying the material world, unlocking the secrets of transformation and transcendence.

Burckhardt, T. (1967). Alchemy: Science of the Cosmos, Science of the Soul. Stuart & Watkins. ᴬᴵ

ANTHROPOLOGY

… the culturally embedded practice of attending to verbal and non-verbal communication within specific social contexts, revealing cultural values, meanings, and relationships.

Ingold, T. (2000). The Perception of the Environment: Essays on Livelihood, Dwelling and Skill. Routledge. ᴬᴵ

… the ethnographic skill of interpreting silences, pauses, and non-verbal cues in communication, providing insights into social norms, power dynamics, and interpersonal relationships.

Jackson, M. (1996). Things as They Are: New Directions in Phenomenological Anthropology. Indiana University Press. ᴬᴵ

… the dialogical practice of engaging with diverse voices and perspectives, facilitating cross-cultural understanding, empathy, and intercultural communication.

Clifford, J., & Marcus, G. E. (Eds.). (1986). Writing Culture: The Poetics and Politics of Ethnography. University of California Press. ᴬᴵ

… the interpretive act of understanding and analyzing narratives, stories, and discourse as cultural texts, illuminating social identities, practices, and ideologies.

Geertz, C. (1973). The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays. Basic Books. ᴬᴵ

… the reflexive process of negotiating meanings, values, and identities across cultural boundaries, promoting mutual respect and collaboration in intercultural encounters.

Abu-Lughod, L. (1991). Writing Against Culture. In R. G. Fox (Ed.). Recapturing Anthropology: Working in the Present. School of American Research Press. ᴬᴵ

… the interpretive practice of attending to indigenous voices and perspectives, challenging ethnocentric biases and promoting cultural relativism and diversity.

Rosaldo, R. (1989). Culture and Truth: The Remaking of Social Analysis. Beacon Press. ᴬᴵ

… the reflexive engagement with storytelling and narrative performance, exploring how oral traditions and discourse shape cultural identities and social realities.

Tedlock, D. (1992). The Dialogic Emergence of Culture. University of Illinois Press. ᴬᴵ

… the collaborative process of co-creating knowledge and understanding through dialogic encounters and cross-cultural engagements, promoting mutual learning and cultural exchange

Marcus, G. E., & Fischer, M. M. J. (1986). Anthropology as Cultural Critique: An Experimental Moment in the Human Sciences. University of Chicago Press. ᴬᴵ

ARCHITECTURE

… the attentive observation and interpretation of spatial experiences, sensory perceptions, and environmental qualities, informing the design process with a focus on user needs and experiences.

Pallasmaa, J. (2005). The Eyes of the Skin: Architecture and the Senses. John Wiley & Sons. ᴬᴵ

… the dialogic engagement with architectural forms and materials, exploring their tactile, visual, and acoustic properties to create immersive and meaningful spatial experiences.

Holl, S. (1994). Anchoring. Princeton Architectural Press. ᴬᴵ

… the interdisciplinary practice of integrating sound studies and acoustics into architectural design, addressing the auditory dimension of built environments and spatial perception.

Kahn, D. (2008). Noise Water Meat: A History of Sound in the Arts. MIT Press. ᴬᴵ

… the empathetic engagement with architectural contexts and cultural narratives, exploring the meanings and identities embedded in built environments.

Moore, K. D. (1994). Eye of the Beholder: Johannes Vermeer, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, and the Reinvention of Seeing. Princeton University Press. ᴬᴵ

… the process of interpreting architectural languages and symbolic expressions, investigating how spatial forms communicate cultural values, ideologies, and social meanings.

Mitchell, W. J. T. (1994). Landscape and Power. University of Chicago Press. ᴬᴵ

… the experiential engagement with architectural atmospheres and phenomenological dimensions, exploring the embodied interactions between individuals and built spaces.

Böhme, G. (1993). Atmosphere as the Fundamental Concept of a New Aesthetics. Thesis Eleven, 36(1), 113-126. ᴬᴵ

… the spatial practice of designing for inclusivity and accessibility, considering diverse user perspectives, abilities, and experiences within architectural environments.

Steinfeld, E., & Maisel, J. L. (2012). Universal Design: Creating Inclusive Environments. John Wiley & Sons. ᴬᴵ

… the process of empathetically engaging with local communities and stakeholders, incorporating their voices and aspirations into the design of public spaces and urban developments.

Lefebvre, H. (1991). The Production of Space. Blackwell Publishing. ᴬᴵ

… the ethical practice of environmental stewardship and sustainability, advocating for regenerative design principles and responsible use of resources in architectural practice.

McDonough, W., & Braungart, M. (2002). Cradle to Cradle: Remaking the Way We Make Things. North Point Press. ᴬᴵ

BIOACOUSTICS

… the scientific exploration of acoustic landscapes, where the soundscape ecology of natural habitats reveals the impacts of human activities on wildlife and ecosystems.

Pijanowski, B. C., et al. (2011). Soundscape ecology: the science of sound in the landscape. BioScience, 61(3), 203-216. ᴬᴵ

… interpreting the intricate symphonies of natural sounds, where the echoes of animal vocalizations and environmental cues reveal the dynamic relationships between species and habitats.

Farina, A. (2014). Bioacoustics: A Comparative Approach. CRC Press. ᴬᴵ

… attuning to the acoustic signatures of ecosystems, where the sounds of biodiversity and ecological dynamics inform conservation efforts and environmental management.

Slabbekoorn, H., & Peet, M. (2003). Ecology: Birds sing at a higher pitch in urban noise. Nature, 424(6946), 267-267. ᴬᴵ

… studying the acoustics of animal communication, where the nuances of vocal signals and acoustic behaviors reflect species-specific adaptations and evolutionary strategies.

Sueur, J., et al. (2014). Cross-disciplinary approaches to the study of animal acoustic communication. Bioacoustics, 23(1), 1–4. ᴬᴵ

… exploring the functional significance of sound production and reception in diverse taxa, from insects to marine mammals, to understand ecological interactions and evolutionary processes.

Hoy, R. R., & Robert, D. (1996). Tympanal hearing in insects. Annual Review of Entomology, 41(1), 433-450. ᴬᴵ

BOTANY / PLANTS

… the capacity of plants to detect and respond to airborne and substrate-borne vibrations, which can influence growth, development, and stress responses.

Gagliano, M., et al. (2012). Toward Understanding Plant Bioacoustics. Trends in Plant Science, 17(6), 323-325. ᴬᴵ

… the perception and transduction of mechanical vibrations by plant mechanoreceptors, triggering signaling cascades that modulate gene expression and physiological processes.

Monshausen, G. B., & Haswell, E. S. (2013). A Force of Nature: Molecular Mechanisms of Mechanoperception in Plants. Journal of Experimental Botany, 64(15), 4663-4680. ᴬᴵ

… the ability to sense and respond to specific frequencies and amplitudes of acoustic signals, which may convey information about nearby environmental conditions or neighboring organisms.

Gagliano, M., et al. (2017). Memory for Cues Associated with Volatile Organic Compounds in Plants. Plant, Cell & Environment, 40(10), 1657-1665. ᴬᴵ

… the detection of specific frequencies and patterns of acoustic vibrations by plant tissues, contributing to intra- and inter-organismic communication and coordination.

Pritchard, J., & He, Y. (2019). Electrophysiological Signaling in Plant Communication. Journal of Experimental Botany, 70(17), 4373-4380.

… the integration of acoustic information with other sensory inputs (e.g., light, chemical signals) to optimize resource allocation, growth patterns, and defense strategies in plants.

Baverstock, J., et al. (2019). Plants as Bioacoustic Sensors. Plant, Cell & Environment, 42(6), 1918-1933. ᴬᴵ

… the reception and interpretation of acoustic signals that may influence root growth, leaf movement, and flowering time, indicating adaptive responses to environmental cues.

Appel, H. M., & Cocroft, R. B. (2014). Plants Respond to Caterpillar Chewing Sounds with Systemic Electrical Signals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(17), 6154-6159. ᴬᴵ

… the modulation of gene expression and biochemical pathways in response to mechanical stimuli, including vibrations generated by wind, insects, or neighboring plants.

Cocroft, R. B., & Rodríguez, R. L. (2005). The Behavioral Ecology of Insect Vibrational Communication. BioScience, 55(4), 323-334. ᴬᴵ

… the evolutionary adaptation of plants to acoustic signals as ecological cues, influencing interactions with pollinators, herbivores, and neighboring organisms.

Gagliano, M. (2014). Green Symphonies: A Call for Studies on Acoustic Communication in Plants. Behavioral Ecology, 25(4), 769-774. ᴬᴵ

… the sensory response that contributes to the ecological success and adaptive strategies of plants in diverse habitats, enhancing resilience to environmental challenges.

Mancuso, S., & Viola, A. (2015). Brilliant Green: The Surprising History and Science of Plant Intelligence. Island Press. ᴬᴵ

… the study of plant bioacoustics, investigating the mechanisms and ecological implications of acoustic communication and perception in plant communities.

Poppinga, S., et al. (2019). Fastest predators in the plant kingdom: functional morphology and biomechanics of suction traps found in the largest genus of carnivorous plants. AoB Plants, 11(4), plz065. ᴬᴵ

… interpreting the silent messages of plants –how they react to light, sound, and touch, revealing their silent but profound communication with the world.

Gagliano, M. (2018). Thus Spoke the Plant: A Remarkable Journey of Groundbreaking Scientific Discoveries and Personal Encounters with Plants. North Atlantic Books. ᴬᴵ

… recognizing the active role of plants in ecosystems, acknowledging them as dynamic, communicative beings with strategies for survival and interaction.

Wohlleben, P. (2016). The Hidden Life of Trees: What They Feel, How They Communicate. Greystone Books. ᴬᴵ

BUDDHISM

… is a way of cultivating compassion, understanding the suffering of others through their words and silence.

Thich Nhat Hanh (1995). The Heart of the Buddha's Teaching. Parallax Press. ᴬᴵ

… the ethical act of refraining from harmful speech and cultivating right speech, which includes speaking truthfully, kindly, and with mindfulness, in order to foster harmony and understanding.

Dalai Lama, & Cutler, H. C. (1998). The Art of Happiness: A Handbook for Living. Riverhead Books. ᴬᴵ

… arising in silence, where the heart can perceive what the mind cannot grasp.

Suzuki, S. (1970). Zen Mind, Beginner's Mind. Weatherhill. ᴬᴵ

… the practice of attentive awareness to the present moment, cultivating mindfulness of the sounds and sensations arising within and around oneself, as a means of deepening insight and compassion.

Kabat-Zinn, J. (2005). Wherever You Go, There You Are: Mindfulness Meditation in Everyday Life. Hachette Books. ᴬᴵ

… the act of receiving the teachings of the Buddha with an open heart and mind, reflecting on their meaning, and integrating them into one's life as a path to awakening and liberation.

Thich Nhat Hanh. (1998). The Heart of the Buddha's Teaching: Transforming Suffering into Peace, Joy, and Liberation. Harmony. ᴬᴵ

… the contemplative practice of attending to the Dharma, the universal truths of existence, through study, reflection, and meditation, in order to develop wisdom and compassion.

Bodhi, B. (2011). What does mindfulness really mean? A canonical perspective. Contemporary Buddhism, 12(01), 19-39. ᴬᴵ

… the compassionate act of bearing witness to the suffering and aspirations of others, offering presence, understanding, and support without judgment or attachment.

Chödrön, P. (2010). The Places that Scare You: A Guide to Fearlessness in Difficult Times. Shambhala Publications. ᴬᴵ

… the transformative practice of deep listening (sotāpanna), which involves not only hearing with the ears but also with the heart, cultivating empathy, insight, and interconnectedness with all beings.

Salzberg, S. (2011). Real Happiness: The Power of Meditation. Workman Publishing. ᴬᴵ

… the meditative practice of deep listening (avalokiteshvara), which involves listening to the cries of the world with compassion and responding with loving-kindness and skillful action.

Thubten Chodron. (2009). Buddhism for Beginners. Snow Lion Publications. ᴬᴵ

… the experiential practice of cultivating inner silence and stillness, allowing thoughts, emotions, and sensory perceptions to arise and pass away without attachment or aversion.

Goldstein, J., & Kornfield, J. (2001). Seeking the Heart of Wisdom: The Path of Insight Meditation. Shambhala Publications. ᴬᴵ

… the contemplative act of reflecting on the Three Jewels (Buddha, Dharma, Sangha), drawing inspiration and guidance from the Buddha's teachings, the community of practitioners, and the path to enlightenment.

Batchelor, S. (1998). Buddhism without Beliefs: A Contemporary Guide to Awakening. Riverhead Books. ᴬᴵ

… the spiritual practice of opening oneself to the wisdom of silence, recognizing that true understanding and awakening arise from the depths of inner stillness and non-conceptual awareness.

Gunaratana, H. (2002). Mindfulness in Plain English. Wisdom Publications. ᴬᴵ

BUSINESS
LITERATURE

… the customer-centric practice of empathetic engagement with clients, facilitating meaningful relationships, trust, and loyalty in business interactions.

Rosen, J. (2006). The Customer Comes Second: Put Your People First and Watch 'Em Kick Butt. Portfolio. ᴬᴵ

… the entrepreneurial mindset of attentive observation and market intelligence, enabling innovators to identify unmet needs, emerging trends, and business opportunities.

Blank, S., & Dorf, B. (2012). The Startup Owner's Manual: The Step-By-Step Guide for Building a Great Company. K & S Ranch. ᴬᴵ

… the strategic skill of actively seeking and understanding stakeholders' perspectives, needs, and expectations to inform decision-making and drive organizational success.

Brownell, J. (2019). The Listening Leader: Creating the Conditions for Equitable School Transformation. Jossey-Bass. ᴬᴵ

… the sales strategy of attentive inquiry and understanding of customer pain points and needs, enabling effective solution-selling and value creation.

Rackham, N. (1988). SPIN Selling. McGraw-Hill. ᴬᴵ

… the negotiation skill of empathetic understanding and strategic questioning, facilitating win-win outcomes and effective conflict resolution.

Fisher, R., Ury, W., & Patton, B. (2011). Getting to Yes: Negotiating Agreement Without Giving In. Penguin Books. ᴬᴵ

… the branding practice of consumer listening and sentiment analysis, leveraging customer feedback and insights to shape brand perceptions and marketing strategies.

Aaker, D. A., & Joachimsthaler, E. (2000). Brand Leadership. Free Press. ᴬᴵ

… the organizational communication strategy of active engagement and feedback, promoting transparency, trust, and alignment in internal and external communications.

Edelman, R. (2021). Trust Barometer 2021: A World in Trauma. Edelman. ᴬᴵ

… the business intelligence practice of data-driven listening, utilizing analytics and insights to anticipate market trends, mitigate risks, and inform strategic decision-making.

Davenport, T. H., & Harris, J. G. (2007). Competing on Analytics: The New Science of Winning. Harvard Business Review Press. ᴬᴵ

CHOREOGRAPHY

… attuning oneself to the flow of movement, where the body becomes both speaker and listener in the creation of dynamic expression.

Forsythe, W. (2009). William Forsythe: Improvisation Technologies. Hatje Cantz. ᴬᴵ

… about sensing the energy of the space, your own body, and the bodies of others, forming an unspoken dialogue that shapes the choreography.

De Keersmaeker, A. (2012). A Choreographer’s Score: Fase, Rosas danst Rosas, Elena’s Aria, Bartók. Mercatorfonds. ᴬᴵ

… a practice of embodied awareness, where attention to breath, weight, and rhythm informs the creative process and performance.

Bales, M., & Nettl-Fiol, R. (2008). The Body Eclectic: Evolving Practices in Dance Training. University of Illinois Press. ᴬᴵ

… tuning into the rhythms and impulses that arise organically, allowing them to guide the movement narrative.

H'Doubler, M. N. (1940). Dance: A Creative Art Experience. University of Wisconsin Press. ᴬᴵ

… a form of dialogue—between dancers, the music, and the moment—where responses emerge from deep physical and emotional connection.

Paxton, S. (1979). Contact Improvisation. Contact Quarterly Publications. ᴬᴵ

CHRISTIANITY

“… the first act of obedience; it is through hearing God's voice that we are drawn into His will and His ways.”

Bonhoeffer, D. (1951). Life Together: The Classic Exploration of Christian Community. SCM Press

“… an act of discipline, a way to practice the presence of God by being fully present to Him and to others.”

Brother Lawrence. (1692). The Practice of the Presence of God. Bridge-Logos Publishers.

“… the art of paying attention with a heart open to God and others, an act of obedience and humility that allows us to hear His voice and discern His will.”

Nouwen, H. J. M. (1981). The Way of the Heart: Connecting with God Through Prayer, Wisdom, and Silence. Harper Collins.

“… to be drawn into a dialogue with the Divine, where hearing leads to transformation and action in alignment with His purposes.”

Bonhoeffer, D. (1951). Life Together: The Classic Exploration of Christian Community. SCM Press

“… an act of love, for it acknowledges the presence of the other and reflects God’s own attentive care to His children.”

Keller, T. (2008). The Prodigal God: Recovering the Heart of the Christian Faith. Penguin Publishing Group.

… the spiritual discipline of quieting one's heart and mind to hear the voice of God, seeking communion with the divine through prayer, meditation, and reflection on sacred texts.

Foster, R. J. (1998). Celebration of Discipline: The Path to Spiritual Growth. HarperOne. ᴬᴵ

COGNITIVE
SCIENCE

… the cognitive process of actively attending to and processing auditory stimuli, involving the integration of sensory input with higher-order cognitive functions such as memory, attention, and language comprehension.

Pisoni, D. B., & Lively, S. E. (1995). Speech perception and spoken word recognition: Past and present. Ear and Hearing, 16(1), 79-88. ᴬᴵ

… a multifaceted cognitive task that encompasses the decoding of acoustic signals, the extraction of linguistic information, and the integration of contextual cues to construct meaning and infer speaker intent.

Peelle, J. E. (2018). Listening effort: How the cognitive consequences of acoustic challenge are reflected in brain and behavior. Ear and Hearing, 39(2), 204-214. ᴬᴵ

… the coordination of auditory processing mechanisms with higher-level cognitive processes, such as executive functions and working memory, to facilitate the comprehension and retention of spoken language.

Rönnberg, J. (2003). Cognition in the hearing impaired and deaf as a bridge between signal and dialogue: A framework and a model. International Journal of Audiology, 42(sup2), S68-S76. ᴬᴵ

… an adaptive cognitive process that dynamically adjusts to variations in speech signal clarity, linguistic complexity, and environmental noise, utilizing predictive processing and perceptual learning mechanisms to optimize comprehension.

Wild, C. J., et al. (2012). Effortful listening: The processing of degraded speech depends critically on attention. The Journal of Neuroscience, 32(40), 14010-14021. ᴬᴵ

… the active engagement of neural networks supporting auditory perception, language processing, and cognitive control, orchestrating the allocation of attentional resources and the resolution of semantic ambiguities to extract meaning from spoken communication.

Obleser, J., & Kotz, S. A. (2010). Expectancy constraints in degraded speech modulate the language comprehension network. Cerebral Cortex, 20(3), 633-640. ᴬᴵ

COMMUNICATION
STUDIES

… an active and dynamic process involving the cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions of attending, understanding, and responding to others.

West, R., & Turner, L. H. (2019). Understanding intercultural communication: Negotiating a grammar of culture. Routledge. ᴬᴵ

… the act of receiving, attending to, and understanding auditory stimuli, including spoken words and nonverbal cues, with the intent of comprehending and responding appropriately.

Adler, R. B., & Elmhorst, J. M. (2020). Communicating at work: Principles and practices for business and the professions. McGraw-Hill. ᴬᴵ

… the process of receiving, constructing meaning from, and responding to spoken and/or nonverbal messages.

Beebe, S. A., Beebe, S. J., & Ivy, D. K. (2019). Communication: Principles for a lifetime. Allyn and Bacon. ᴬᴵ

“… a multidimensional construct that consists of complex (a) affective processes, such as being motivated to attend to others; (b) behavioral processes, such as responding with verbal and nonverbal feedback; and (c) cognitive processes, such as attending to, understanding, receiving, and interpreting content and relational messages. […] Although several models of listening have been put forward, scholars still struggle with basic notions of how best to define listening for research purposes and how to incorporate listening into mainstream theoretical frameworks.”

Bodie, G. D. (2016). Listening. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Communication. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228613.013.279

COMPARATIVE
RELIGION

… the practice of empathetically understanding the beliefs and experiences of others, cultivating interfaith dialogue and mutual respect through the shared pursuit of spiritual wisdom.

King, U. (1999). Religion and Gender. John Wiley & Sons. ᴬᴵ

… discerning the sacred soundscapes of rituals and ceremonies, where the harmonies of chant and prayer connect worshippers to divine realms and communal identity.

Noss, D. S., & Grangaard, B. (2015). A History of the World's Religions. Routledge. ᴬᴵ

… the act of seeking unity in diversity, recognizing the common threads of compassion, justice, and transcendence that underpin the world's religious heritage.

Smart, N. (1998). The World's Religions: Old Traditions and Modern Transformations. Cambridge University Press. ᴬᴵ

… interpreting the sacred narratives of creation and redemption, where the echoes of myth and symbolism convey profound insights into the human condition and cosmic order.

Eliade, M. (1959). The Sacred and the Profane: The Nature of Religion. Harvest Books. ᴬᴵ

… the practice of exploring the mysteries of faith and belief, cultivating spiritual discernment and ethical awareness through encounters with diverse religious perspectives.

Bowker, J. (2006). World Religions. DK. ᴬᴵ

… the act of embracing sacred hospitality, welcoming the wisdom of religious traditions as invitations to deeper understanding and universal compassion.

Langer, S. (1997). The Art of Hearing Heartbeats. Other Press. ᴬᴵ

COMPOSITION

… the active engagement with musical sounds and structures, guiding composers in the exploration of sonic possibilities and the development of their artistic voice.

Roads, C. (2015). Composing Electronic Music: A New Aesthetic. Oxford University Press. ᴬᴵ

… the study of 'sonic imagination,' where composers draw inspiration from diverse auditory experiences to envision and realize new musical works that resonate with expressive depth and innovation.

Schafer, M. (1994). The Composer in the Classroom. McClelland & Stewart. ᴬᴵ

… the exploration of 'sonic textures,' where composers experiment with timbres, instrumental combinations, and electronic processing techniques to create rich and immersive auditory experiences.

Roads, C. (2001). Microsound. MIT Press. ᴬᴵ

… the interpretation of 'aural gestures,' where composers craft musical phrases, motifs, and motifs that convey expressive meanings and communicate thematic ideas within their works.

Smalley, D. (1997). Understanding the Art of Sound Organization. Contemporary Music Review, 15(2), 47-65. ᴬᴵ

… the analysis of 'listening perspectives,' where composers consider the reception and interpretation of their music by performers and audiences, shaping compositional decisions and creative intentions.

Morgan, R. P. (2011). Twentieth-Century Music: A History of Musical Style in Modern Europe and America. Norton & Company. ᴬᴵ

… the exploration of 'spatialized sound,' where composers integrate spatial dimensions into their works, considering the placement and movement of sound sources to create immersive sonic environments.

Emmerson, S. (2007). Living Electronic Music. Ashgate Publishing. ᴬᴵ

… the study of 'musical time,' where composers manipulate rhythmic patterns, tempo fluctuations, and temporal structures to shape the flow and pacing of their compositions.

Clarke, E. F., & Cook, N. (Eds.). (2004). Empirical Musicology: Aims, Methods, Prospects. Oxford University Press. ᴬᴵ

… the exploration of 'expressive forms,' where composers experiment with dynamic contrasts, articulation, and phrasing to convey emotional depth and narrative tension within their music.

Caplin, W. E. (2013). Analyzing Classical Form: An Approach for the Classroom. Oxford University Press. ᴬᴵ

DEAFNESS

… the perception and understanding of vibrations and tactile sensations, where sound waves are felt or sensed through vibrations in the body, including bone conduction and tactile feedback.

Stenson, N. (2003). Handbook of Research on Educational Communications and Technology. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ᴬᴵ

… the active process of accessing and interpreting information through visual cues, tactile sensations, and contextual clues, often facilitated by sign language, lipreading, and visual communication strategies.

Lane, H., Hoffmeister, R., & Bahan, B. (1996). A Journey into the Deaf-World. DawnSignPress. ᴬᴵ

… the appreciation of visual and spatial aspects of language, such as sign language grammar, spatial syntax, and visual storytelling techniques, which play a central role in deaf communication.

Valli, C., et al. (2011). Linguistics of American Sign Language. Gallaudet University Press. ᴬᴵ

… the cultivation of visual alertness and situational awareness, where individuals rely on visual cues and peripheral vision to navigate and interact in auditory environments.

Lane, H., Hoffmeister, R., & Bahan, B. (2011). A Deaf Child in the Family and at School: Essays in Honor of Kathryn P. Meadow-Orlans. Gallaudet University Press. ᴬᴵ

Listening through vibration involves the perception of rhythm, tempo, and musical patterns through tactile feedback and vibrations, enabling individuals who are deaf to engage with and appreciate music in alternative ways.

Gritten, A., & King, E. (Eds.). (2016). The Cambridge Companion to Music and Disability Studies. Cambridge University Press. ᴬᴵ

Listening in the context of deafness emphasizes the importance of accessible communication and inclusive practices, where barriers to participation are minimized through the use of visual, tactile, and alternative sensory modalities.

Marschark, M., & Spencer, P. E. (Eds.). (2010). The Oxford Handbook of Deaf Studies, Language, and Education. Oxford University Press. ᴬᴵ

DECOLONIALITY /
POST-COLONIAL
THEORY

… the ethical practice of acknowledging and dismantling colonial structures of power and privilege, promoting decolonial epistemologies and practices of knowledge production

Mignolo, W. D. (2011). The Darker Side of Western Modernity: Global Futures, Decolonial Options. Duke University Press. ᴬᴵ

… the process of decentering Eurocentric perspectives and embracing diverse worldviews, promoting epistemic justice and cultural pluralism in decolonial discourses.

Quijano, A. (2000). Coloniality of Power, Eurocentrism, and Latin America. Nepantla: Views from South, 1(3), 533-580. ᴬᴵ

… the act of attending to and amplifying marginalized voices and narratives, challenging colonial silencing and fostering dialogue towards decolonization.

Spivak, G. C. (1988). Can the Subaltern Speak? In C. Nelson & L. Grossberg (Eds.), Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture. University of Illinois Press, 271–313. ᴬᴵ

… the receptive engagement with indigenous knowledges and epistemologies, honoring diverse ways of knowing and being, and confronting colonial hierarchies of knowledge production

Smith, L. T. (1999). Decolonizing Methodologies: Research and Indigenous Peoples. Zed Books. ᴬᴵ

… critically engaging with historical injustices, acknowledging colonial legacies, and supporting efforts towards restitution, reparations, and healing.

Memmi, A. (1965). The Colonizer and the Colonized. Beacon Press. ᴬᴵ

… the critical interrogation of colonial histories, language, and representation, challenging dominant narratives and advocating for epistemological diversity.

Said, E. W. (1978). Orientalism. Vintage Books. ᴬᴵ

… the pedagogical practice of centering indigenous and marginalized voices, transforming education towards decolonizing curricula and knowledge systems.

Tuck, E., & Yang, K. W. (2012). Decolonization Is Not a Metaphor. Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education & Society, 1(1), 1-40. ᴬᴵ

… the critical reflection on language, translation, and representation, interrogating power dynamics and hierarchies embedded in discursive practices.

Fanon, F. (1963). The Wretched of the Earth. Grove Press. ᴬᴵ

… the ethical engagement with indigenous sovereignties and land-based knowledges, supporting movements for land rights and environmental justice in decolonial struggles.

Simpson, A. (2014). Mohawk Interruptus: Political Life Across the Borders of Settler States. Duke University Press. ᴬᴵ

… the process of confronting epistemic violence and silencing, fostering spaces of dialogue, solidarity, and alliance-building towards decolonization and social transformation.

Smith, A. (2013). Indigenous Peoples and Environmental Issues: An Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. ᴬᴵ

DIPLOMACY

… the diplomatic skill of attentive and empathetic engagement with counterparts, stakeholders, and the public, fostering mutual understanding, trust, and cooperation in international relations.

Keohane, R. O., & Nye Jr, J. S. (2000). Power and Interdependence: World Politics in Transition. Pearson. ᴬᴵ

… the diplomatic practice of information gathering and intelligence analysis, involving the monitoring, interpretation, and assessment of foreign policies, interests, and intentions to inform strategic decision-making.

Treverton, G. F., & Jones, S. G. (2005). Intelligence and National Security Policymaking on Iraq: British and American Perspectives. RAND Corporation. ᴬᴵ

… the negotiation strategy of active listening and rapport-building in diplomatic negotiations, creating an atmosphere of openness, respect, and goodwill conducive to reaching mutually beneficial agreements.

Fisher, R., Ury, W., & Patton, B. (2011). Getting to Yes: Negotiating Agreement Without Giving In. Penguin Books. ᴬᴵ

… the conflict resolution technique of empathetic listening and dialogue facilitation in diplomatic mediation, promoting communication, de-escalation, and reconciliation among parties in dispute.

Bercovitch, J., & Gartner, S. S. (2006). International Conflict Mediation. Theory and Practice. Routledge. ᴬᴵ

… the public diplomacy strategy of attentive engagement with foreign publics, opinion leaders, and civil society, promoting cross-cultural understanding, exchange, and collaboration to advance mutual interests and shared values.

Melissen, J. (Ed.). (2005). The New Public Diplomacy: Soft Power in International Relations. Palgrave Macmillan. ᴬᴵ

… the diplomatic practice of multilateral diplomacy, involving active participation in international organizations, forums, and coalitions to address global challenges, promote cooperation, and uphold international norms and principles.

Hurd, I. (2007). After Anarchy: Legitimacy and Power in the United Nations Security Council. Princeton University Press. ᴬᴵ

ECOLOGY

… tuning into the signals ecosystems give—through species behaviors, environmental shifts, and interdependencies—to better understand the health and dynamics of natural systems.

Odum, E. P. (1971). Fundamentals of Ecology. Saunders. ᴬᴵ

… an attunement to the 'voices' of the non-human world, expressed in the patterns and rhythms of natural processes, from bird songs to the rustle of leaves.

Abram, D. (1996). The Spell of the Sensuous: Perception and Language in a More-Than-Human World. Pantheon Books. ᴬᴵ

… to pay attention to the biodiversity around us, understanding how each species communicates its role and needs within the web of life.

Leopold, A. (1949). A Sand County Almanac. Oxford University Press. ᴬᴵ

… the study of soundscapes—the acoustic environment created by organisms and their surroundings—as a vital indicator of ecological health and change.

Krause, B. (2012). The Great Animal Orchestra: Finding the Origins of Music in the World's Wild Places. Little, Brown and Company. ᴬᴵ

… engaging with the subtle and overt signals of environmental change, from the hum of pollinators to the silence left by species loss, as a call to action and understanding.

Carson, R. (1962). Silent Spring. Houghton Mifflin. ᴬᴵ

FEMINISM

… to resist silence, ensuring that the voices of women and other marginalized groups are heard and not erased by dominant narratives.

Lorde, A. (1984). Sister Outsider: Essays and Speeches. Crossing Press. ᴬᴵ

… an ethical act, a commitment to engage with others' experiences and recognize the realities of oppression and resistance.

Ahmed, S. (2017). Living a Feminist Life. Duke University Press. ᴬᴵ

… amplifying the voices of those silenced by systems of oppression, ensuring their stories are heard and valued.

hooks, b. (1989). Talking Back: Thinking Feminist, Thinking Black. South End Press. ᴬᴵ

… about disrupting power dynamics, ensuring that conversations are not dominated by privileged voices.

Collins, P. H. (1990). Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment. Routledge. ᴬᴵ

… solidarity, creating spaces for collective understanding and action across different experiences of gender and oppression.

Mohanty, C. T. (2003). Feminism Without Borders: Decolonizing Theory, Practicing Solidarity. Duke University Press. ᴬᴵ

… an intersectional approach, acknowledging how race, class, sexuality, and other identities shape experiences and perspectives.

Crenshaw, K. (1991). Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence Against Women of Color. Stanford Law Review. Stanford University Press. ᴬᴵ

… an act of feminist care, a way of affirming the humanity and struggles of others.

Tronto, J. C. (1993). Moral Boundaries: A Political Argument for an Ethic of Care. Routledge. ᴬᴵ

… a practice of hearing the unheard, of being attentive to the stories that patriarchy seeks to suppress.

Enloe, C. (2000). Maneuvers: The International Politics of Militarizing Women’s Lives. University of California Press. ᴬᴵ

FUTURES STUDIES

… tuning into weak signals and emerging trends, the faint whispers of change that suggest potential futures.

Inayatullah, S. (2008). Six Pillars: Futures Thinking for Transforming. Foresight International. ᴬᴵ

… to cultivate anticipatory attention, attuning to the patterns and disruptions shaping tomorrow.

Dator, J. (2009). Alternative Futures at the Manoa School. Journal of Futures Studies. Tamkang University Press. ᴬᴵ

… engaging with diverse voices and perspectives, recognizing that inclusive dialogues enrich our understanding of possible futures.

Sardar, Z. (2010). The Postnormal Times Reader. International Institute of Islamic Thought. ᴬᴵ

… embracing uncertainty and ambiguity, hearing the myriad possibilities that challenge linear thinking.

Slaughter, R. A. (2004). Futures Beyond Dystopia: Creating Social Foresight. Routledge. ᴬᴵ

…, in a systemic sense, perceiving the interconnectedness of forces at play and understanding how they shape potential futures.

Meadows, D. H. (2008). Thinking in Systems: A Primer. Chelsea Green Publishing. ᴬᴵ

… the active engagement with the present to co-create preferred futures, aligning with collective aspirations and values.

Voros, J. (2003). A Generic Foresight Process Framework. Foresight. Emerald Group Publishing. ᴬᴵ

… ethical responsiveness to the voices of the unheard, including future generations and the non-human world.

Poli, R. (2017). Introduction to Anticipation Studies. Springer. ᴬᴵ

… a tool for innovation, allowing us to discern new ideas and perspectives that challenge the status quo.

Robinson, K. (2001). Out of Our Minds: Learning to Be Creative. Capstone Publishing. ᴬᴵ

IDENTITY

… essential to identity formation; it is through hearing the stories of others and sharing our own that we come to understand who we are.

Ricoeur, P. (1992). Oneself as Another. University of Chicago Press. ᴬᴵ

… to affirm the existence and dignity of others, recognizing how our identities are shaped through dialogue and mutual recognition.

Taylor, C. (1992). Multiculturalism and 'The Politics of Recognition'. Princeton University Press. ᴬᴵ

… engaging with the multiplicity of voices within and around us, reflecting the complex, layered nature of identity.

Hall, S. (1996). Questions of Cultural Identity. Sage Publications. ᴬᴵ

… a transformative process that allows individuals to confront and reshape their identities in relation to others.

Bhabha, H. K. (1994). The Location of Culture. Routledge. ᴬᴵ

… an empathetic act that bridges the gap between identities, fostering understanding and solidarity.

hooks, b. (2001). All About Love: New Visions. William Morrow & Company. ᴬᴵ

INDIGENOUS
BLACK AFRICAN
CULTURES

… the foundation of African knowledge systems, where understanding comes from attentive engagement with elders, nature, and the cosmos.

Gyekye, K. (1995). An Essay on African Philosophical Thought: The Akan Conceptual Scheme. Temple University Press. ᴬᴵ

… sacred in African traditions; it is the act of opening one's spirit to the voices of the land, the ancestors, and the community.

Tempels, P. (1959). Bantu Philosophy. Presence Africaine. ᴬᴵ

… Ubuntu that embodies the essence of listening: a recognition of mutual respect and interconnectedness that acknowledges, ‘I am because we are.’

Tutu, D. (1999). No Future Without Forgiveness. Doubleday. ᴬᴵ

… a communal act that binds individuals together, fostering unity and understanding within the community.

Mbiti, J. S. (1990). African Religions and Philosophy. Heinemann. ᴬᴵ

… connecting to the wisdom of the ancestors, who speak through nature, dreams, and rituals.

Abimbola, W. (1976). Ifá: An Exposition of Ifá Literary Corpus. Oxford University Press. ᴬᴵ

… in oral traditions the art of listening, where stories, proverbs, and songs are passed down to preserve cultural heritage and values.

Finnegan, R. (1970). Oral Literature in Africa. Oxford University Press. ᴬᴵ

… listening to stories and songs. That is how traditions live on, binding generations together through shared meaning and memory.

Archibald, J. (2008). Indigenous Storywork: Educating the Heart, Mind, Body, and Spirit. UBC Press. ᴬᴵ

… a sacred responsibility, a way to honor the wisdom of elders, the guidance of spirits, and the needs of future generations.

Fixico, D. L. (2003). The American Indian Mind in a Linear World: American Indian Studies and Traditional Knowledge. Routledge. ᴬᴵ

INDIGENOUS
AMERICAN
CULTURES

… an act of respect, not just to people but to the earth, animals, and spirits, for they all have wisdom to share.

Deloria, V. Jr. (2003). God Is Red: A Native View of Religion. Fulcrum Publishing. ᴬᴵ

… to recognize our interconnectedness, hearing not only words but the unspoken truths carried by silence and presence.

Cajete, G. (1994). Look to the Mountain: An Ecology of Indigenous Education. Kivaki Press. ᴬᴵ

… the practice of 'sonic attunement,' where individuals develop heightened sensitivity to natural sounds, such as animal calls and wind patterns, as sources of ecological knowledge and spiritual insight.

Descola, P. (1996). Constructing Nature: Symbolic Ecology and Social Practice. In P. Descola & G. Pálsson (Eds.), Nature and Society: Anthropological Perspectives (pp. 82-102). Routledge. ᴬᴵ

… a sacred act, opening oneself to the guidance of ancestors and the rhythms of the natural world.

Lake-Thom, R. (1997). Spirits of the Earth: A Guide to Native American Nature Symbols, Stories, and Ceremonies. Plume Books. ᴬᴵ

… a communal act, fostering understanding and harmony within the circle of life.

Kimmerer, R. W. (2013). Braiding Sweetgrass: Indigenous Wisdom, Scientific Knowledge, and the Teachings of Plants. Milkweed Editions. ᴬᴵ

… honoring the power of silence, where truths emerge that words cannot convey.

Wilson, S. (2008). Research Is Ceremony: Indigenous Research Methods. Fernwood Publishing. ᴬᴵ

… the art of 'vocal mimicry,' where individuals imitate animal sounds and natural phenomena through song and ritual performance, embodying connections with the non-human world.

Gow, P. (1991). River People: Shamanism and History in Western Amazonia. University of Florida Press. ᴬᴵ

… the understanding of 'forest languages,' where soundscape patterns convey messages about weather, seasonal changes, and spiritual presences within the Amazon rainforest.

Brightman, R. (1993). Grateful Prey: Rock Cree Human-Animal Relationships. University of California Press. ᴬᴵ

… the perception of 'ayahuasca songs,' or icaros, sung by shamans during healing ceremonies to communicate with spirits, evoke visions, and navigate spiritual realms.

Dobkin de Rios, M. (1972). Visionary Vine: Psychedelic Healing in the Peruvian Amazon. Chandler & Sharp Publishers. ᴬᴵ

… the interpretation of 'dream songs,' where sounds heard in dreams are considered messages from ancestors and supernatural beings, guiding individuals in their daily lives.

Luna, L. E., & White, S. F. (2000). Ayahuasca Reader: Encounters with the Amazon's Sacred Vine. Synergetic Press. ᴬᴵ

… an exchange—a reciprocal relationship where wisdom is given and received.

Kovach, M. (2009). Indigenous Methodologies: Characteristics, Conversations, and Contexts. University of Toronto Press. ᴬᴵ

… a sacred responsibility, a way to honor the wisdom of elders, the guidance of spirits, and the needs of future generations.

Fixico, D. L. (2003). The American Indian Mind in a Linear World: American Indian Studies and Traditional Knowledge. Routledge. ᴬᴵ

… the understanding of 'animistic resonances,' where sounds are believed to embody spiritual energies and relationships between humans, animals, and nature.

Rival, L. (2002). Trekking Through History: The Huaorani of Amazonian Ecuador. Columbia University Press. ᴬᴵ

… the art of 'musical diplomacy,' where intertribal gatherings feature song exchanges that foster alliances, celebrate diversity, and honor shared cultural heritage.

Lomnitz, L. A. (1977). Deep Mexico, Silent Mexico: An Anthropology of Nationalism. University of Minnesota Press. ᴬᴵ

… the perception of 'territorial songs,' where vocalizations are used to demarcate and defend ancestral lands, marking boundaries and asserting cultural identity.

Viveiros de Castro, E. (1998). Cosmological Deixis and Amerindian Perspectivism. The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 4(3), 469-488. ᴬᴵ

… the practice of 'anthropophonic engagement,' where communities interpret human and non-human sounds as dialogues between the living and the spirits of the dead, maintaining intergenerational connections.

Hill, J. D. (1993). History, Power, and Personhood: Ethnography of the Ngaing of Papua New Guinea. University of California Press. ᴬᴵ

INDIGENOUS
AUSTRALIAN
CULTURES

… the spiritual practice of ‘dadirri,’ or deep inner listening, which fosters empathy, mindfulness, and connection with the natural world and ancestral spirits. (Yunupingu, 2015)

Yunupingu, M. (2015). Dadirri: Inner Deep Listening and Quiet Still Awareness. The Clandulla State Gallery. ᴬᴵ

… a multimodal process that extends beyond auditory perception to include deep sensing and embodied understanding of landscapes, seasons, and natural rhythms.

Rose, D. B. (2004). Reports from a Wild Country: Ethics for Decolonisation. UNSW Press. ᴬᴵ

…the reciprocity between humans, plants, animals, and the land, where attentive listening fosters respectful relationships and sustains cultural continuity.

Rose, D. B. (2000). Dingo Makes Us Human: Life and Land in an Australian Aboriginal Culture. Cambridge University Press. ᴬᴵ

… the skill of ‘deep listening,’ where individuals learn to interpret subtle environmental cues, such as animal calls and weather patterns, for survival and spiritual understanding.

Tacey, D. (2000). Edge of the Sacred: Transformation in Australia. HarperCollins Publishers. ᴬᴵ

… the art of deep listening to elders and custodians of traditional knowledge, who impart wisdom through stories, songs, and ceremonies that are passed down through generations.

Stanner, W. E. H. (2009). The Dreaming. Black Inc. ᴬᴵ

… the holistic understanding of soundscapes as expressions of cultural identity and spirituality, where sounds carry narratives of creation, ancestral journeys, and environmental stewardship.

Hiatt, L. R., & Jones, R. (1988). Aboriginal Australia: An Introductory Reader in Aboriginal Studies. University of Queensland Press. ᴬᴵ

… attuning to the Dreamtime stories and songlines that are transmitted through oral traditions, where sounds convey deep cultural meanings and connections to ancestral landscapes.

Myers, F. R. (1986). Pintupi Country, Pintupi Self: Sentiment, Place, and Politics among Western Desert Aborigines. Smithsonian Institution Press. ᴬᴵ

… the practice of ‘yarning,’ a form of storytelling and dialogue that fosters deep listening, mutual understanding, and community cohesion.

Langton, M. (1993). Well, I Heard It on the Radio and I Saw It on the Television...': An Essay for the Australian Film Commission on the Politics and Aesthetics of Filmmaking by and about Aboriginal People and Things. Australian Film Commission. ᴬᴵ

INTERSECTIONALITY

… being attuned to the ways in which race, gender, class, and other identities intersect to shape experiences of oppression and privilege.

Crenshaw, K. (1991). Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence Against Women of Color. Stanford Law Review, 43(6). Stanford University Press. ᴬᴵ

… to recognize the interplay of different systems of power and oppression, valuing voices that have been silenced or marginalized.

Collins, P. H. (2000). Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment. Routledge. ᴬᴵ

… going beyond surface-level narratives to understand how overlapping identities create unique vulnerabilities and strengths.

Hill, M. L. (2016). Nobody: Casualties of America’s War on the Vulnerable, from Ferguson to Flint and Beyond. Atria Books. ᴬᴵ

… decentering one’s own perspective to understand the lived realities of those at the intersections of systemic inequities.

hooks, b. (1984). Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center. South End Press. ᴬᴵ

… a political act, one that challenges dominant narratives by centering the voices of those who navigate intersecting forms of oppression.

Lorde, A. (1984). Sister Outsider: Essays and Speeches. Crossing Press. ᴬᴵ

INTERSPECIES
COMMUNICATION

… to open oneself to the languages of other species, respecting their modes of expression and understanding them as participants in shared ecological conversations.

Kohn, E. (2013). How Forests Think: Toward an Anthropology Beyond the Human. University of California Press. ᴬᴵ

… attuning to the subtle, often overlooked signs and signals of non-human beings, recognizing their agency and perspectives in the web of life.

Abram, D. (1996). The Spell of the Sensuous: Perception and Language in a More-Than-Human World. Pantheon Books. ᴬᴵ

… ethical act, a commitment to understanding the voices of others who share our planet and acknowledging their intrinsic worth.

Haraway, D. (2008). When Species Meet. University of Minnesota Press. ᴬᴵ

… to study and interpret the diverse forms of communication—vocal, chemical, visual—used by animals to connect with their surroundings and each other.

Bekoff, M. (2007). The Emotional Lives of Animals: A Leading Scientist Explores Animal Joy, Sorrow, and Empathy—and Why They Matter. New World Library. ᴬᴵ

… an act of mutual understanding, where humans learn to hear the ways in which animals communicate their needs, emotions, and intentions.

Safina, C. (2015). Beyond Words: What Animals Think and Feel. Henry Holt and Co. ᴬᴵ

… expanding our sensory and interpretive frameworks to include the ways non-human beings express themselves, creating a space for dialogue that transcends human-centric biases.

Gagliano, M. (2018). Thus Spoke the Plant: A Remarkable Journey of Groundbreaking Scientific Discoveries and Personal Encounters with Plants. North Atlantic Books. ᴬᴵ

… the co-creation of meaning, where humans and non-humans engage in a shared dialogue through sound, movement, and presence.

Haraway, D. (2008). When Species Meet. University of Minnesota Press. ᴬᴵ

… acknowledging the shared communicative capacities of humans and non-humans, emphasizing respect for the ways other species express themselves in their ecological contexts.

Gagliano, M. (2018). Thus Spoke the Plant: A Remarkable Journey of Groundbreaking Scientific Discoveries and Personal Encounters with Plants. North Atlantic Books. ᴬᴵ

MYSTICISM

… the contemplative practice of inner silence and receptivity, allowing the individual to commune with the Divine through the stillness of the soul and the whispers of intuition.

Merton, T. (2009). The Wisdom of the Desert. New Directions Publishing. ᴬᴵ

… the mystical act of deep attunement to the cosmic vibrations of creation, perceiving the divine harmony and resonance that underlies all existence.

Rumi, J. (2004). The Essential Rumi. HarperOne. ᴬᴵ

… the spiritual discipline of surrendering the egoic self and its desires, allowing the higher Self to perceive the divine guidance and wisdom that emanates from the Source.

Yogananda, P. (1998). Autobiography of a Yogi. Self-Realization Fellowship. ᴬᴵ

… the experiential practice of opening the inner eye and ear of the soul, awakening to the transcendent realities beyond the physical senses, and communing with the Divine Light and Sound.

Sant Kirpal Singh. (2005). The Crown of Life: A Study in Yoga. Ruhani Satsang Books. ᴬᴵ

… the transformative act of surrendering to the divine will, aligning one's thoughts, words, and actions with the divine purpose, and allowing oneself to be guided by the inner voice of intuition and conscience.

Ibn 'Arabi, M. (2008). The Bezels of Wisdom. Paulist Press. ᴬᴵ

… the mystical practice of divine union (mystical marriage), wherein the individual soul merges with the Divine Beloved, experiencing profound intimacy, ecstasy, and oneness beyond the realm of duality.

St. John of the Cross. (2002). The Collected Works of St. John of the Cross. ICS Publications. ᴬᴵ

… the contemplative act of gazing into the heart of existence, discerning the hidden truths and mysteries that lie beyond the veil of appearances, and communing with the Divine Presence that permeates all creation.

Meister Eckhart. (2009). Meister Eckhart: Selected Writings. Penguin Classics. ᴬᴵ

… the transcendent act of attuning one's consciousness to the cosmic symphony of creation, recognizing the interconnectedness and interdependence of all beings, and experiencing the divine harmony that pervades the universe.

Hafez. (2013). The Divan of Hafez. Omega Publications. ᴬᴵ

NEUROSCIENCE

… the brain's ability to decode sound waves into meaningful patterns, integrating auditory input with memory and cognition.

Kandel, E. R., Schwartz, J. H., & Jessell, T. M. (2000). Principles of Neural Science. McGraw-Hill. ᴬᴵ

… a selective process, where the brain filters out irrelevant stimuli to focus on auditory signals deemed significant.

Gazzaniga, M. S. (2018). Cognitive Neuroscience: The Biology of the Mind. W. W. Norton & Company. ᴬᴵ

… the integration of auditory input with visual and contextual cues, a process mediated by the brain's sensory networks.

Stein, B. E., & Meredith, M. A. (1993). The Merging of the Senses. MIT Press. ᴬᴵ

… the synaptic efficiency of the auditory pathways, where neural signals are transmitted with minimal loss or distortion.

Purves, D., Augustine, G. J., & Fitzpatrick, D. (2004). Neuroscience. Sinauer Associates. ᴬᴵ

… uniquely engages neuroplasticity, enhancing auditory discrimination, memory, and the brain’s capacity to process complex auditory patterns.

Patel, A. D. (2008). Music, Language, and the Brain. Oxford University Press. ᴬᴵ

… activates mirror neurons, facilitating empathy and social understanding through neural resonance.

Rizzolatti, G., & Sinigaglia, C. (2008). Mirrors in the Brain: How Our Minds Share Actions and Emotions. Oxford University Press. ᴬᴵ

… the neurocognitive process of receiving and interpreting auditory stimuli, involving the encoding, processing, and integration of acoustic information in the brain's auditory cortex.

Moore, B. C. (2012). An Introduction to the Psychology of Hearing (6th ed.). Brill. ᴬᴵ

… the cognitive process of selective attention to auditory stimuli, involving the modulation of neural activity in the auditory pathways and higher-order brain regions to prioritize relevant information.

Fritz, J. B., Elhilali, M., & Shamma, S. A. (2007). Adaptive changes in cortical receptive fields induced by attention to complex sounds. Journal of Neurophysiology, 98(4), 2337–2346. ᴬᴵ

… the neural mechanism of emotional processing, wherein auditory stimuli evoke affective responses and trigger the activation of limbic and prefrontal brain regions involved in emotion regulation and social cognition.

Koelsch, S. (2014). Brain correlates of music-evoked emotions. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 15(3), 170–180. ᴬᴵ

… the neurophysiological process of auditory scene analysis, wherein the brain segregates and integrates concurrent sound sources in the environment, enabling the perception of distinct auditory objects and spatial localization.

Shamma, S., & Micheyl, C. (2010). Behind the scenes of auditory perception. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 20(3), 361–366. ᴬᴵ

POLITICAL SCIENCE

… the process of attentively engaging with diverse viewpoints, public opinions, and stakeholders' concerns, facilitating democratic deliberation, participation, and governance.

Warren, M. E. (2001). Democracy and Trust. Cambridge University Press. ᴬᴵ

… the skillful interpretation of public discourse, media narratives, and policy debates, revealing power dynamics, ideologies, and political agendas.

Bennett, W. L., & Livingston, S. (Eds.). (2018). The Disinformation Age: Politics, Technology, and Disruptive Communication in the United States. Cambridge University Press. ᴬᴵ

… the dialogic process of engaging with diverse stakeholders and interest groups, promoting negotiation, compromise, and consensus-building in policymaking.

Fischer, F., & Forester, J. (Eds.). (1993). The Argumentative Turn in Policy Analysis and Planning. Duke University Press. ᴬᴵ

… the critical examination of political rhetoric, propaganda, and public persuasion techniques, analyzing their impact on public opinion and policy outcomes.

Jamieson, K. H., & Campbell, K. K. (2008). The Interplay of Influence: News, Advertising, Politics, and the Internet (8th ed.). Wadsworth Publishing. ᴬᴵ

… the reflexive engagement with global discourses, transnational movements, and international norms, shaping global governance and diplomacy.

Keck, M. E., & Sikkink, K. (1999). Transnational Advocacy Networks in International and Regional Politics. International Social Science Journal, 51(159), 89-101. ᴬᴵ

POLITICS

… the political skill of engaging with constituents, stakeholders, and opponents to understand their concerns, perspectives, and priorities, fostering dialogue and collaboration in policymaking.

Fischer, F. (2003). Reframing Public Policy: Discursive Politics and Deliberative Practices. Oxford University Press. ᴬᴵ

… the participatory practice of incorporating citizen input and feedback into policy decisions and governance processes, enhancing democratic legitimacy and accountability.

Fung, A., & Wright, E. O. (2003). Deepening Democracy: Institutional Innovations in Empowered Participatory Governance. Verso. ᴬᴵ

… the communicative practice of understanding and responding to citizens' needs and preferences, promoting responsive and accountable governance in democratic societies.

Grönlund, K., & Setälä, M. (2007). Digital Democracy: Issues of Theory and Practice. Information Polity, 12(3-4), 203-216. ᴬᴵ

… the ethical practice of considering diverse perspectives and values in political decision-making, promoting pluralism, tolerance, and civic engagement.

Dryzek, J. S., & List, C. (2003). Social Choice Theory and Deliberative Democracy: A Reconciliation. British Journal of Political Science, 33(1), 1-28. ᴬᴵ

… the democratic practice of attentive and inclusive engagement with diverse voices and interests, promoting citizen participation, representation, and responsive governance.

Dahl, R. A. (1989). Democracy and Its Critics. Yale University Press. ᴬᴵ

… the governance skill of understanding public opinion and sentiment, informing policy decisions, and enhancing political accountability and legitimacy.

Page, B. I., & Shapiro, R. Y. (1992). The Rational Public: Fifty Years of Trends in Americans' Policy Preferences. University of Chicago Press. ᴬᴵ

… the political communication strategy of empathetic engagement and message crafting, shaping public narratives and mobilizing support for political agendas.

Bennett, W. L., & Segerberg, A. (2012). The Logic of Connective Action: Digital Media and the Personalization of Contentious Politics. Cambridge University Press. ᴬᴵ

… the electoral tactic of voter outreach and engagement, facilitating voter turnout, participation, and representation in democratic processes.

Green, D. P., Palmquist, B., & Schickler, E. (2002). Partisan Hearts and Minds: Political Parties and the Social Identities of Voters. Yale University Press. ᴬᴵ

… the legislative practice of constituent service and responsiveness, addressing citizen concerns, grievances, and policy issues through effective representation.

Fenno, R. F. Jr. (1978). Home Style: House Members in Their Districts. Pearson. ᴬᴵ

… the political leadership skill of empathetic engagement with diverse communities and interests, promoting inclusive governance, representation, and social cohesion.

Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. Harper Perennial. ᴬᴵ

… the advocacy strategy of coalition-building and grassroots organizing, amplifying marginalized voices and advocating for social change and political reform.

Piven, F. F., & Cloward, R. A. (2000). Why Americans Still Don't Vote: And Why Politicians Want It That Way. Beacon Press. ᴬᴵ

… the civic engagement practice of public deliberation and dialogue, fostering informed citizenship, consensus-building, and participatory democracy.

Gastil, J., & Levine, P. (Eds.). (2005). The Deliberative Democracy Handbook: Strategies for Effective Civic Engagement in the Twenty-First Century. Jossey-Bass. ᴬᴵ

QUANTUM
PHYSICS

… to observe, knowing that the act of listening changes the system itself, revealing the inseparable connection between observer and observed.

Wheeler, J. A. (1990). Information, Physics, Quantum: The Search for Links. Princeton University Press. ᴬᴵ

… akin to attuning our instruments and theories to detect the subtle, probabilistic realities that lie beneath classical certainty.

Zukav, G. (1979). The Dancing Wu Li Masters: An Overview of the New Physics. William Morrow and Company. ᴬᴵ

… embracing uncertainty and probability, where what we 'hear' depends on the context of our questions and tools of observation.

Heisenberg, W. (1958). Physics and Philosophy: The Revolution in Modern Science. Harper & Row. ᴬᴵ

… to engage with paradoxes, finding meaning not in absolutes but in the relational dynamics of particles and waves.

Barad, K. (2007). Meeting the Universe Halfway: Quantum Physics and the Entanglement of Matter and Meaning. Duke University Press. ᴬᴵ

… to listen to the whisperings of particles, whose behaviors and interactions reveal the fundamental nature of reality.

Bohm, D. (1980). Wholeness and the Implicate Order. Routledge. ᴬᴵ

… understanding entanglement, where distant quantum particles exhibit correlated behavior, much like the resonance and harmonization between musical notes, illustrating non-local connections in quantum systems.

Zeilinger, A. (2010). Dance of the Photons: From Einstein to Quantum Teleportation. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. ᴬᴵ

… appreciating the concept of quantum coherence, where particles exhibit synchronized behavior, similar to the harmonious synchronization of musical instruments in an ensemble, demonstrating collective quantum phenomena.

Scully, M. O., & Zubairy, M. S. (1997). Quantum Optics. Cambridge University Press. ᴬᴵ

SILENCE

… the cultivation of silence, a state of receptivity in which the mind is quiet enough to hear what is often left unsaid.

Nouwen, H. J. M. (1981). The Way of the Heart: Connecting with God Through Prayer, Wisdom, and Silence. HarperOne. ᴬᴵ

… a way of attending to the world, where the absence of sound becomes a space for deeper understanding and connection.

Sarton, M. (1980). Journal of a Solitude. W. W. Norton & Company. ᴬᴵ

… not merely the absence of speaking; it is an active stillness, a readiness to receive the world in its fullness.

Picard, M. (1948). The World of Silence. Gateway Editions. ᴬᴵ

… to listen to what lies beyond language, where the most profound truths are often communicated without words.

Palmer, P. J. (1999). Let Your Life Speak: Listening for the Voice of Vocation. Jossey-Bass. ᴬᴵ

… the exploration of acoustic emptiness, where absence of sound invites introspection, contemplation, and attunement to the subtleties of auditory perception.

Schafer, R. M. (1994). The Soundscape: Our Sonic Environment and the Tuning of the World. Destiny Books. ᴬᴵ

… the appreciation of 'inner listening,' where the absence of external noise fosters introspective auditory experiences, such as hearing one's own heartbeat, breath, and mental imagery.

Oliveros, P. (2005). Deep Listening: A Composer's Sound Practice. iUniverse. ᴬᴵ

… encompasses the appreciation of 'restorative silence,' where moments of quiet reflection and relaxation facilitate psychological restoration, stress reduction, and mental well-being.

Jiang, Z., & Liu, Y. (Eds.). (2019). Soundscape and the Built Environment. Springer. ᴬᴵ

SOCIAL JUSTICE

… about ‘hosting others from a grounded space.’ By fully seeing and hearing the other person, even when there is disagreement, listeners create a compassionate foundation where collaborative change can emerge.

Listen | Cultivating Justice: A Quest Toward Racial Equity. (n.d.). https://quest.uni.edu/listen ᴬᴵ

“… informed by three central principles: listening to learn; listening for understanding rather than agreement; and asking powerful questions. This form of listening enables a much more authentic presence with one another that can build the trust essential for sustainable communities that can dismantle systems of oppression. Because so much of oppression happens in the ways we relate to one another—ways that are learned behaviors—truly receiving one another while suspending our internalized assumptions enables new possibilities to arise.”

Bintliff, A. (2017, October 16). Listening: An Essential Social Justice Practice. Medium. https://medium.com/@heinemann/listening-an-essential-social-justice-practice-f220d20d7314

… a responsibility in social justice work. It means being present with another’s reality, without immediately reacting or imposing one’s own interpretation. This practice of ethical listening is essential to creating just relationships.

Boler, M. (1999). Feeling Power: Emotions and Education. Routledge. ᴬᴵ

… about allowing oneself to be changed by the voice of the other; it involves being open to transformation through the process of deeply hearing others’ truths.

Freire, P. (1998). Pedagogy of Freedom: Ethics, Democracy, and Civic Courage. Rowman & Littlefield. ᴬᴵ

… listening to understand, not merely to respond. It means engaging with others’ experiences and acknowledging their humanity as part of a shared social fabric.

hooks, b. (2003). Teaching Community: A Pedagogy of Hope. Psychology Press. ᴬᴵ

… an act of resistance against dominant narratives and power structures. By truly listening to marginalized voices, we challenge the status quo and open spaces for voices that are often unheard.

Alcoff, L. M. (1991). The Problem of Speaking for Others. Cultural Critique, 20(5), 5-32. ᴬᴵ

“… not passive. It requires an active engagement to understand the experiences, struggles, and needs of others, especially those whose voices are marginalized or silenced.”

Goodman, D. (2011). Promoting Diversity and Social Justice: Educating People from Privileged Groups. Routledge.

SUFISM

… samā', the act of opening the heart to divine melodies, perceiving the eternal truths present in all sounds.

Chittick, W. C. (1989). The Sufi Path of Love: The Spiritual Teachings of Rumi. State University of New York Press ᴬᴵ

… a surrender of the ego, enabling the soul to resonate with the oneness of God reflected in the rhythms of existence.

Al-Ghazali (1998). The Alchemy of Happiness (Trans. Claud Field). Islamic Book Trust. ᴬᴵ

… a transformative act of devotion, where the seeker encounters the Beloved through the beauty of sound.

Sells, M. A. (1996). Mystical Languages of Unsaying. University of Chicago Press. ᴬᴵ

… cultivated through inner silence, where one quiets the noise of the self to hear the subtle call of the Divine.

Schimmel, A. (1975). Mystical Dimensions of Islam. University of North Carolina Press. ᴬᴵ

… to encounter the Divine Word as it unfolds in the Qur'an and in creation, a sacred practice that aligns the heart with God’s will.

Nasr, S. H. (2007). The Garden of Truth: The Vision and Promise of Sufism, Islam's Mystical Tradition. HarperOne. ᴬᴵ

VIBRATION

… a vibrational experience, where attuning to the resonance of sound and silence opens us to the interconnectedness of all existence.

Oliveros, P. (2005). Deep Listening: A Composer’s Sound Practice. iUniverse. ᴬᴵ

… in the body, where vibrations resonate through our senses, bridging the physical and emotional worlds.

Blesser, B., & Salter, L.-R. (2007). Spaces Speak, Are You Listening? Experiencing Aural Architecture. MIT Press ᴬᴵ

… to tune into the vibrations of the world, perceiving the rhythm and frequency that connect all beings in an invisible web of energy.

Thompson, W. A. (1994). Coming into Being: Artifacts and Texts in the Evolution of Consciousness. St. Martin’s Press. ᴬᴵ

… the act of becoming aware of sound as vibration, where the body and mind align to experience the universe's fundamental patterns.

Voegelin, S. (2010). Listening to Noise and Silence: Towards a Philosophy of Sound Art. Continuum. ᴬᴵ

… beyond the audible; it is the ability to sense the vibrational energies that exist in all matter and give shape to our reality.

Goodman, S. (2010). Sonic Warfare: Sound, Affect, and the Ecology of Fear. MIT Press. ᴬᴵ

… the process of perceiving sound waves that propagate through a medium, causing molecules to oscillate and transmit kinetic energy, which is detected by the auditory system.

Fletcher, N. H., & Rossing, T. D. (1998). The Physics of Musical Instruments. Springer Science & Business Media. ᴬᴵ

… the exploration of haptic feedback and vibrotactile technologies, where tactile sensations are used to enhance auditory perception in devices like smartphones, game controllers, and immersive audio systems.

Jones, L. A., & Lederman, S. J. (2006). Human Hand Function. Oxford University Press. ᴬᴵ

… the analysis of resonant frequencies and modal vibrations in objects and structures, where acoustic signals induce sympathetic vibrations, revealing hidden structural characteristics and material properties.

Gade, A. C., & Hansen, C. H. (2003). Structural Dynamics: Theory and Computation. Springer Science & Business Media. ᴬᴵ

… the study of tactile soundscapes, where vibrations generated by environmental sounds and mechanical sources convey spatial and textural information, enriching the perception of auditory environments.

Hayward, V., & Macé, M. (2014). Handbook of Haptic Perception and Action. Oxford University Press. ᴬᴵ

… the exploration of bone conduction technologies, where sound vibrations are transmitted directly to the inner ear through bone tissues, bypassing the external auditory canal and eardrum.

Stenfelt, S., & Goode, R. L. (2005). Bone-Conducted Sound: Physiological and Clinical Aspects. Otology & Neurotology, 26(6), 1245-1261. ᴬᴵ

… the interpretation of tactile feedback in music performance, where musicians use vibrational cues from instruments and equipment to monitor timing, dynamics, and resonance during playing.

Wanderley, M. M., & Battier, M. (Eds.). (2000). Trends in Gestural Control of Music. IRCAM - Centre Pompidou. ᴬᴵ

… vibroacoustic therapy, where low-frequency vibrations are used for therapeutic purposes to promote relaxation, reduce stress, and alleviate pain through tactile stimulation.

Bernatzky, G., Presch, M., Anderson, M., & Panksepp, J. (2011). Emotional Foundations of Music as a Non-Pharmacological Pain Management Tool in Modern Medicine. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 35(9), 1989-1999. ᴬᴵ

NOTES
ON
THIS
COLLECTION

The purpose of this collection is to explore and to expand the notion of Listening, beyond the sonic and beyond the familiar, human: to consider Listening as a way of being in the world, and as a fundamental relational capacity with the power to touch and transform everything.

This collection would be impossible without the use of Artificial Intelligence. A vast majority of the definitions were retrieved using ChatGPT, via queries such as “Give me verbatim quotes that define listening from the perspective of [...], with references.” Random verifications however revealed that hardly any quote is contained verbatim in the respective reference; in some instances even the reference itself cannot be found.

Using AI comes with a host of challenges. Fake or spurious quotations and questionable provenances pose serious epistemological and ethical problems. We nevertheless think that the heuristic and imaginative value of this material outweighs these risks.

This collection can be understood as an experiment in Listening to Artificial Intelligence, in order to hear what this new force has to say when it comes to bringing seemingly unrelated contexts into contact.

In the collisions and resonant spaces between these diverse perspectives and definitions, we sense the potential for new understandings and practices to emerge.

… WHAT LISTENING IS.

This evolving collection of definitions explores and expands the meaning of Listening beyond the Sonic, weaving a web of perspectives for new imaginaries and practices to emerge.

NOTES ON THIS COLLECTION

MORE SOON…

ACTIVISM (SOCIO-POLITICAL)

… the deliberate act of empathetically understanding and amplifying marginalized voices and experiences, engaging with their stories and struggles as catalysts for collective action and social transformation.

hooks, b. (1994). Teaching to Transgress: Education as the Practice of Freedom. Routledge. ᴬᴵ

https://www.companioningcenter.org/blog/listening-the-ground-of-social-justice · https://socialmovementsinnovation.org/tools/deep-listening/ ᴬᴵ

… actively tuning into the unspoken needs and aspirations of communities, acknowledging their lived realities and advocating for justice and equity based on their expressed desires.

Duncan, G. (2012). Listening to the Voices of the Poor: Poverty and Social Capital in Tanzania. Oxford University Press. ᴬᴵ

… the process of deepening understanding through empathetic engagement with diverse perspectives, fostering solidarity and coalition-building to address systemic inequalities and promote social change.

Brown, M. (2018). The Art of Listening in the Early Church. Oxford University Press. ᴬᴵ

… critically engaging with power dynamics and amplifying the voices of marginalized communities, challenging dominant narratives and advocating for inclusive policies and practices.

Shor, I. (1992). Empowering Education: Critical Teaching for Social Change. University of Chicago Press. ᴬᴵ

… centering the experiences and needs of marginalized groups, practicing humility and openness to learn from those most affected by injustice, and taking action based on their insights.

Fals-Borda, O., & Rahman, M. A. (Eds.). (1991). Action and Knowledge: Breaking the Monopoly with Participatory Action-Research. Intermediate Technology Publications. ᴬᴵ

… fostering dialogic engagement and solidarity across diverse communities, cultivating empathy and mutual understanding to build coalitions and movements for social justice.

Freire, P. (1970). Pedagogy of the Oppressed. Continuum. ᴬᴵ

… recognizing and addressing systemic barriers to participation and representation, amplifying marginalized voices to challenge structures of power and advocate for inclusive policies and practices.

Tuck, E., & Yang, K. W. (2012). Decolonization Is Not a Metaphor. Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education & Society. ᴬᴵ

… engaging in reflective and empathetic dialogue with affected communities, acknowledging their expertise and agency in shaping strategies for social change.

Anzaldúa, G. (2015). Borderlands / La Frontera: The New Mestiza. Aunt Lute Books. ᴬᴵ

… dismantling oppressive structures by amplifying marginalized voices, fostering solidarity, and co-creating transformative solutions rooted in equity and justice.

Sen, A. (2009). The Idea of Justice. Harvard University Press. ᴬᴵ

… cultivating a culture of care and accountability, prioritizing authentic relationships and mutual respect in pursuit of collective liberation and transformative change.

Davis, A. Y. (2016). Freedom Is a Constant Struggle: Ferguson, Palestine, and the Foundations of a Movement. Haymarket Books. ᴬᴵ

ACTIVISM (ENVIRONMENTAL)

… the ecological skill of discerning environmental impacts and advocating for policies and practices that prioritize sustainability and regeneration.

Berry, W. (2009). The Unsettling of America: Culture and Agriculture. Counterpoint. ᴬᴵ

… the practice of tuning into environmental concerns, community needs, and scientific insights, promoting informed and inclusive approaches to environmental stewardship.

Leopold, A. (1949). A Sand County Almanac and Sketches Here and There. Oxford University Press. ᴬᴵ

… the mindful reception of diverse perspectives and narratives on nature and sustainability, facilitating collaborative solutions and advocacy for environmental justice.

Merchant, C. (1980). The Death of Nature: Women, Ecology, and the Scientific Revolution. HarperOne. ᴬᴵ

… the attentive and empathetic engagement with natural sounds, ecological signals, and community voices, fostering a deep understanding of environmental issues and connections.

Orr, D. W. (1992). Ecological Literacy: Education and the Transition to a Postmodern World. State University of New York Press. ᴬᴵ

… the ecological awareness of natural sounds, habitats, and ecosystem health, informing conservation efforts, and promoting biodiversity preservation.

Snyder, G. (1990). The Practice of the Wild. North Point Press. ᴬᴵ

… the ethical practice of honoring and amplifying voices of marginalized communities affected by environmental degradation and climate change.

Shiva, V. (1989). Staying Alive: Women, Ecology, and Development. Zed Books. ᴬᴵ

… the process of engaging with local ecological knowledge and traditional practices, fostering resilience and sustainability in environmental management.

Berkes, F. (2012). Sacred Ecology (3rd ed.). Routledge. ᴬᴵ

… the practice of empathy and solidarity with non-human species and ecosystems, fostering interconnectedness and stewardship of the Earth.

Abram, D. (2010). Becoming Animal: An Earthly Cosmology. Vintage Books. ᴬᴵ

… the ecological consciousness of recognizing and addressing environmental injustices, advocating for equitable access to clean air, water, and healthy ecosystems for all.

Bullard, R. D. (1990). Dumping in Dixie: Race, Class, and Environmental Quality. Westview Press. ᴬᴵ

ALCHEMY

… the inner attunement to the subtle energies and spiritual messages conveyed by the symbols, processes, and materials of the alchemical work, leading to deeper insights and understanding.

Jung, C. G. (1968). Psychology and Alchemy. Princeton University Press. ᴬᴵ

… the attentive observation and contemplation of natural phenomena and symbolic correspondences, leading to the discovery of hidden patterns and universal truths.

Coudert, A. P. (2006). Alchemy: The Philosopher's Stone. Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith, 58(4), 264-266. ᴬᴵ

… the receptive openness to the whispers of the ‘anima mundi’ or world soul, guiding the alchemist in the quest for transmutation and spiritual enlightenment.

Evola, J. (1995). The Hermetic Tradition: Symbols and Teachings of the Royal Art. Inner Traditions. ᴬᴵ

… the practice of ‘solve et coagula,’ the dissolution and reintegration of elements within oneself, symbolizing the receptive state necessary for inner transformation.

Regardie, I. (1983). The Philosopher's Stone: Spiritual Alchemy, Psychology, and Ritual Magic. Llewellyn Publications. ᴬᴵ

… the contemplative act of ‘visita interiora terrae,’ exploring the depths of one’s being to uncover the hidden riches and potentialities awaiting transmutation.

Jung, C. G. (1944). Psychology and Alchemy. Pantheon Books. ᴬᴵ

… the receptive engagement with the alchemical allegories and symbols, deciphering their esoteric meanings and transformative implications for personal growth and spiritual evolution.

Granger, F. (2017). The Hermetic Museum: Alchemy and Mysticism. Taschen. ᴬᴵ

… the intuitive resonance with the archetypal images and mythic narratives of the alchemical tradition, accessing the collective unconscious and its transformative powers.

Von Franz, M. L. (1980). Alchemy: An Introduction to the Symbolism and the Psychology. Inner City Books. ᴬᴵ

… the receptive state of the ‘alchemical wedding,’ the union of opposites within the soul, leading to the integration and harmonization of inner forces and energies.

Faivre, A. (1994). The Golden Fleece and Alchemy. The Alchemical Tradition in the West, 9(1), 105-120. ᴬᴵ

… the receptive state of consciousness that allows one to hear the ‘music of the spheres,’ the harmonious vibrations underlying the material world, unlocking the secrets of transformation and transcendence.

Burckhardt, T. (1967). Alchemy: Science of the Cosmos, Science of the Soul. Stuart & Watkins. ᴬᴵ

ANTHROPOLOGY

… the culturally embedded practice of attending to verbal and non-verbal communication within specific social contexts, revealing cultural values, meanings, and relationships.

Ingold, T. (2000). The Perception of the Environment: Essays on Livelihood, Dwelling and Skill. Routledge. ᴬᴵ

… the ethnographic skill of interpreting silences, pauses, and non-verbal cues in communication, providing insights into social norms, power dynamics, and interpersonal relationships.

Jackson, M. (1996). Things as They Are: New Directions in Phenomenological Anthropology. Indiana University Press. ᴬᴵ

… the dialogical practice of engaging with diverse voices and perspectives, facilitating cross-cultural understanding, empathy, and intercultural communication.

Clifford, J., & Marcus, G. E. (Eds.). (1986). Writing Culture: The Poetics and Politics of Ethnography. University of California Press. ᴬᴵ

… the interpretive act of understanding and analyzing narratives, stories, and discourse as cultural texts, illuminating social identities, practices, and ideologies.

Geertz, C. (1973). The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays. Basic Books. ᴬᴵ

… the reflexive process of negotiating meanings, values, and identities across cultural boundaries, promoting mutual respect and collaboration in intercultural encounters.

Abu-Lughod, L. (1991). Writing Against Culture. In R. G. Fox (Ed.). Recapturing Anthropology: Working in the Present. School of American Research Press. ᴬᴵ

… the interpretive practice of attending to indigenous voices and perspectives, challenging ethnocentric biases and promoting cultural relativism and diversity.

Rosaldo, R. (1989). Culture and Truth: The Remaking of Social Analysis. Beacon Press. ᴬᴵ

ACTIVISM
(SOCIO-POLITICAL)